Mental Health

Depression

07 Mar 2025 5 min read

Depression is one of the most common mental health problems in the UK and around the world, and it can affect anyone, at any age and from any background. It is more than just feeling sad or having a bad day; it is a persistent low mood that can affect how you think, feel and manage everyday life, from work and relationships to sleep and physical health.

Many people with depression don’t realise what they are experiencing, or feel unable to talk about it. But depression is a real illness, it is not a sign of weakness, and with the right support and treatment most people recover. Understanding the signs and knowing where to turn are important first steps.

In this article, we explain the difference between low mood and depression, the different types of depression, and some ways to cope. You’ll also find trusted resources for young people, adults and parents or caregivers at the end of the page. If you are struggling and need to talk to someone now, you can call Samaritans free on 116 123, any time, or text SHOUT to 85258.

Globally, over 280 million people suffer from depression – World Health Organisation

In any given week, 1 in 6 adults in the UK experiences a common mental health problem, such as depression or anxiety – Mind

‘Everyone can feel sad or blue when bad things happen. However everyday ‘blues’ or sadness is not depression’

This is low mood and can get better within a few days or weeks. It is usually possible to improve low mood with some minor changes such as getting more sleep, self-care or talking to a friend about something that is bothering you

However, it might be depression if the feelings become so bad that they interfere with your daily life. Or if they last for several weeks or months. When diagnosed with depression, you may be told it is ‘mild’ ‘moderate’ or ‘severe’ – this describes how your symptoms are affecting you and what treatment you will be offered

Depression affects people of all ages, genders and backgrounds. It can be triggered by various factors such as genetics, life events, traumatic events, chronic illness, or chemical imbalances in the brain

There are different types of depression, each different from the next, with its own characteristics and symptoms. You can read about them here:

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD):	also known as clinical depression and lasts for at least 2 weeks or longer. It affects your daily life. Some symptoms are detachment from loved ones, suicidal thoughts and feelings of worthlessness and guilt
Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD):	formerly known as Dysthymia, it is a mild, long-term form of depression, lasting for at least 2 years. Some symptoms are persistent feelings of sadness, consistently feeling irritated and angry and extreme self-doubt
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD):	a mood disorder usually occurring in winter when there is less sunlight. Some symptoms include fatigue, loneliness and anxiety, social withdrawal and detachment from close relationships
Postpartum Depression (PPD):	a mood affecting women after giving birth due to hormonal changes. Some symptoms include feeling disconnected to the baby, anxiety, and extreme sadness
Bipolar Disorder:	causes extreme sudden changes in mood, ranging from depressive, sadness to overwhelming happiness and excitement (manic behaviour). Some symptoms include paranoia, feeling demotivated, self-harming and extreme aggression

This video explains what depression is, how it might feel and where to get help: https://youtu.be/pjyFhcw59pE

Learning and mastering coping skills for depression is crucial because they empower people to take an active role in managing their symptoms. With effective coping skills, people can reduce the impact of depression on their daily lives, gain a sense of control, and improve their quality of life.

Depression is a multifaceted condition that requires a wide range of coping mechanisms. Common strategies include exercise, mindfulness, relaxation techniques, social support, and countering negative thoughts. You may need to tailor these strategies based on the specific type of depression you experience. For instance, the intensity and nature of major depressive disorder (MDD) can influence which tactics are most effective.

Here are some other coping skills: How to cope with depression – NHS

Our resources are a step towards helping you understand low mood and depression better and providing support information and services to help you: